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Methods for assessment of body composition
Krátká, Veronika ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the composition of the human body and methods of its analysis. The theoretical part is focused on basic food nutrients, nutrition recommendations, energy needs of the organism, body composition and methods for determining body composition. The experimental part contains a comparison of two methods for determining body composition – a method of bioelectrical impedance and a method NIR-spectrometry. Other section is devoted to a study of the eating habits of group of students, consisting of evaluation of diets and the questionnaires.
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Relation of body activities on composition of the human body
Frechová, Vendula ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deal with relationship between physical activities and constitution of a human body. The first theoretic part is focused on components of foodstuff which are important for human nutrition, energy metabolism and different types of movement activity. The particular components of a human body such as body water, active body mass and body fat are described in the next part of the thesis. Diagnostic methods of human body’s constitution are mentioned in the last part. An analysis of a body constitution has a task to diagnose body components quantitatively and therefore provides main information about fitness. The practical part of the thesis contains influence of physical activity on body constitution, which was tested on the first group of people, and a study of eating manners of the second group of people.
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Low carbohydrate regimes (low carb diet, the cyclical ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting) and their impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscular strength, sports performance and muscle cells resistance against exercise
Kysel, Pavel ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee) ; Stackeová, Daniela (referee)
(EN) Low-carbohydrate diets are a debated topic in relation to athletic performance, overweight and obesity, but also to the health status of the individual. The impact on health and fitness is still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the effect of a low carbohydrate, in this case ketogenic, diet on body composition, sports performance at different exercise loads and levels of selected circulating cytokines. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a cyclic ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young men for 8 weeks. Participants in both the CKD and RD groups reduced their body weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI) values. In the CKD group, the amount of fat-free mass (net body weight) and the amount of water in the body decreased. In the RD group, however, the volume of these parameters did not change significantly. Muscle strength parameters were not affected in the CKD group, while maximal strength performances in chest pulldown and lower limb press increased in the RD group. Similarly, endurance performances were not affected in the CKD group, whereas maximal power output and maximal oxygen consumption increased in the RD group. Our findings suggest that...
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Effect of Housing Temperature on Body Composition in Laboratory Mouse
Kružíková, Nikola ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Ferenčáková, Michaela (referee)
Development of obesity and associated disorders is caused by imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Significant part of energy expenditure can be represented by energy cost of maintaining stable body temperature. In this thesis, the effect of thermoneutrality and high fat feeding on body composition was characterized in female C57BL/6 mice. These mice were housed either at 22 řC (standard temperature) or at 30 řC (thermoneutrality) and fed by standard chow or high fat diet for 13 weeks. Energy intake of chow-fed thermoneutral animals was lowered in comparison to mice housed at standard temperature, reflecting lower energy cost of thermogenesis. This reduction of food intake was prevented by high fat feeding resulting in adipose tissue accumulation in particular in high fat-fed thermoneutral animals. While studying this model, protocol for assessment of body composition using newly acquired dual energy X-ray absorptiometry system was validated. Reflecting the development of obesity, glucose and lipid homeostasis was deteriorated in these mice. In line with earlier notions in literature describing male mice, our data suggest critical importance of housing temperature in efficiency of high fat feeding even in female mice. Keywords: thermoneutrality, obesity, body composition, DEXA
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Evaluation of selected motor tests and anthropometric indicators in young swimmers
Oplištilová, Tereza ; Jurák, Daniel (advisor) ; Pokorná, Jitka (referee)
Title: Evaluation of selected motor tests and anthropometric indicators in young swimmers Objectives: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to evaluate selected motor tests and determine the level of selected anthropometric, explosive and strength endurance indicators in young swimmers aged 8 to 15 years, for which we compare whether and to what extent they influence each other. Methods: Data collection was performed by direct measurements in laboratories where somatic and conditioning parameters were measured. The data obtained by testing were processed using descriptive statistics in Microsoft Office Excel 2016. Summary tables and scatter plots were chosen for a clear representation of the data. Results: A total of 17 children aged 8 to 15 years of both sexes were included in the testing, which were divided by grade into group A (2008-2010) and group B (2011-2012). Based on the results, it was found that the arm span is closely related to the body height of the proband. The mean body height (group A-160.5 cm) and (group B-150.8 cm) were almost identical to the average arm span of these groups (group A-159.9 cm) and (group B-150.3 cm). In all probands, the laterality of the right arm was confirmed, and based on this finding, we found a link between laterality, stroke performance and force of...
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Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Malinová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Malinová Supervisor of Diploma thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 according to the WHO Global Burden of Disease Project and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the lung function impairment, there are often described changes in body composition in COPD patients e.g. the skeletal muscle protein loss. The main aim of the study was determining the body composition by DEXA in patients diagnosed with COPD and comparing them with physiological values or studies dealing with this issue. On each patient was performed one examination, patients were coming after twelve-hour fasting. Average age was 66 ± 8 years. The amount of fat-free mass was not reduced. There was not therefore a loss of muscle tissue due to COPD. When evaluating total fat, we find that men have more fat than normal levels. This is also indicated by BMI that has been in the majority in the range of overweight and obesity. We did not confirm the link between COPD...
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The possibilities of physical exercise in relation to the metabolism after spinal cord injury
Olišarová, Eva ; Hlinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the information about the possibilities of the physical exercise in individuals with the spinal cord injury. The work presents various types of the physical activity and describes their effect on metabolism and body composition. It also includes the information about the frequency, the duration and the intensity of exercise. The interruption of the somatomotor and somatosensory pathways in patients with spinal cord injury leads to the reduction of their physical activity. As a consequence of that, their metabolic profile and body composition get worse. Early after the injury, the patients suffer from the massive muscle atrophy and the rise of the amount of adipose tissue. These changes have a negative effect on metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. It results in the development of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, sometimes even in type 2 diabetes mellitus. These secondary complications worsen the quality and the length of life of the patients with the spinal cord injury. Better understanding of these issues is necessary to improve the quality of health care for these people. The work includes a short questionnaire. Its goal is to describe the current situation of patients with the spinal cord injury in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was...
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Body composition parameters in dependence on the metabolism degree in patients with COPD
Doleželová, Magdaléna ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Magdaléna Doleželová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Body composition parameters in dependence on the metabolism degrese in patiens with COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a very serious illness characterized by incompletely reversible airflow obstruction and lung emphysema. Contributes to its overall severity are extrapulmonary manifestations, especially cachexia and loss of lean tissue mass. Chronic inflammation of the respiratory airways and increased respiratory effort cause the hypermetabolic state to some patients with COPD. This thesis investigates the impact of increased metabolism on body composition in patients with COPD. Our study included 50 COPD patients (38 men, 12 women) who were examined by bioelectrical impedance. In this study, we compared the parameters of body composition of men with resting energy expenditure REE > 130% (hereinafter Men over 130%) (n = 9) and the group of men with REE < 130 % (hereinafter Men below 130 %) (n = 29). In the group of Men over 130 % we found a lower average value of body weight by 18 % compared to Men below 130 %. Total body and intracellular water were 12 %...
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The relationship of body composition and aerobic fitness in the elderly
Boubelíková, Barbora ; Prajerová, Květa (advisor) ; Vařeková, Jitka (referee)
Title: The relationship of body composition and aerobic fitness in the elderly Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of students at University of Third Age at the UK FTVS and to investigate whether there exists an association between body composition and aerobic fitness. Methods: The research involved 54 seniors (age 64 ± 2.71 years, body height 163.23 ± 6.05 cm) who studied at University of the 3rd Age at the UK FTVS at the time of research. The original sample of probands was 91, but people aged over 70 years and people taking heart-rate medications had to be excluded. Measurments of body composition was performed using BIA 2000M multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. The investigated parameters were total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW) in litres, fat free mass (FFM) in kg, percentage of body fat (% BF) and extracellular and body cell mass ratio (ECM/BCM). Measurement of aerobic fitness was performed by a 2 km test pass, evaluated by Stejskal at the athletic stadium UK FTVS. Time and heart rate were scanned by sporttester (Polar S 610i). The data was processed using the IBM SPSS statistics 22. Results: The results showed that our group belongs to "avarage seniors" in terms of aerobic fitness. A significant relationship...
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